See -ier on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-y + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -y + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 22 15 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 13 9 5 5 2 1 6 7 10 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 9 3 3 1 1 7 7 10 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "dicey → dicier; clayey → clayier; gluey → gluier; happy → happier; scary → scarier; tomatoey → tomatoier"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spelling of the suffix sequence -y followed by -er, or of any word ending in -(e)y suffixed with -er."
],
"id": "en--ier-en-suffix-K7Y2DIAL",
"links": [
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ied"
},
{
"word": "-iest"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -ier",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eer",
"3": "-yer",
"4": "-ary",
"5": "-ar",
"id4": "agent noun",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of -eer, -yer, -ary, and -ar",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier, doublet of -eer, -yer, -ary, and -ar.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "clothier, perfumier"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns denoting occupations, particularly with words from French."
],
"id": "en--ier-en-suffix-en:agent_noun",
"senseid": [
"en:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "French -ier",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-ier"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word"
],
"id": "en--ier-nl-suffix-U-vcSwKE",
"related": [
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ir/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iːr]"
},
{
"audio": "Nl--ier.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg/Nl--ier.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:-er<id:noun>",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "",
"4": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-aire",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-aire",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ière",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "-ier m (noun-forming suffix, plural -iers, feminine -ière)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "63 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "banane (“banana”) + -ier → bananier (“banana tree”)"
},
{
"text": "poire (“pear”) + -ier → poirier (“pear tree”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit"
],
"id": "en--ier-fr-suffix-tLQhgl4t",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chalut (“trawl net”) + -ier → chalutier (“trawler”)"
},
{
"text": "pétrole (“oil”) + -ier → pétrolier (“oil tanker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of ships"
],
"id": "en--ier-fr-suffix-YlzaYqPm",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chocolat (“chocolate”) + -ier → chocolatier (“chocolatier”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of jobs"
],
"id": "en--ier-fr-suffix-pcSiGpt7",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/je/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ier.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--ier.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -ier",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-ier"
]
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Kneipe + -ier → Kneipier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Pleite + -ier → Pleitier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A noun-forming suffix, used especially to render similar suffixes in borrowings from French."
],
"id": "en--ier-de-suffix-AwsJA7iT",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i̯eː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jeː/"
},
{
"audio": "De--ier2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/De--ier2.ogg/De--ier2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/De--ier2.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "De--ier.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/De--ier.ogg/De--ier.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/De--ier.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "present passive infinitive",
"word": "-ri"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ri (present passive infinitive)"
],
"id": "en--ier-la-suffix-Qxf5zj-6",
"links": [
[
"-ri",
"-ri#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "agentive suffix",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -er (agentive suffix)"
],
"id": "en--ier-enm-suffix-62YsH27X",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_English:_agentive"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-iere"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -iere"
],
"id": "en--ier-enm-suffix-VI4ux6~1",
"links": [
[
"-iere",
"-iere#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting a verb",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb)"
],
"id": "en--ier-frm-suffix-8WIcXI6g",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession)"
],
"id": "en--ier-frm-suffix-IExn-dGJ",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "roa-gal",
"word": "-ieu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-iram",
"word": "-ирам"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "-ireba",
"word": "-ირება"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-irovatʹ",
"word": "-ировать"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-irati"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-ieren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-iram",
"word": "-ирам"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "-ireba",
"word": "-ირება"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-irovatʹ",
"word": "-ировать"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-irati"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"used alternatively until ca. 1900"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-iren"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ieren"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "-yi"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:-āre<id:verb suffix>",
"id": "infinitive suffix",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\n▲\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nInherited from Latin -āre.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\n▲\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nInherited from Latin -āre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir -ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en -ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "-ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-astes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ierent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-erai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-assent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ar",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-ier"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 31 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 31 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs ending in -ier",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs with weak-a2 preterite",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "to forge",
"text": "forgier",
"translation": "to forge",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--ier-fro-suffix-AZ9sAUR~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-erie"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ier"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-eer"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-eer"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ier"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-yr"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-iere"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ier"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-aire"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-air"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-aire"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-eri"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:-ārius<id:agent noun>",
"id": "nouns",
"pos": "suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "-ārium",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nInherited from Latin -ārium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-re"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "butcher",
"text": "bouchier",
"translation": "butcher",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates a profession"
],
"id": "en--ier-fro-suffix-fro:suf",
"senseid": [
"fro:suf"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "forester",
"text": "forestier",
"translation": "forester",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates location, where one lives"
],
"id": "en--ier-fro-suffix-XutTpEnm",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ier"
]
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ra"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of -ra"
],
"id": "en--ier-sk-suffix-kRMMDF78",
"links": [
[
"-ra",
"-ra#Slovak"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪ̯er/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɪ̯er]"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Indien + -ier → indier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Iran + -ier → iranier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-an; making a noun, describing a person by nationality"
],
"id": "en--ier-sv-suffix-U~InzNsQ",
"links": [
[
"-an",
"-an"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-an"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "French -ier",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-ier"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-er"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine suffixes",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms derived from French",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ir/"
},
{
"ipa": "[iːr]"
},
{
"audio": "Nl--ier.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg/Nl--ier.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Nl--ier.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"English terms suffixed with -y",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "-y + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -y + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ied"
},
{
"word": "-iest"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "dicey → dicier; clayey → clayier; gluey → gluier; happy → happier; scary → scarier; tomatoey → tomatoier"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spelling of the suffix sequence -y followed by -er, or of any word ending in -(e)y suffixed with -er."
],
"links": [
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -ier",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-eer",
"3": "-yer",
"4": "-ary",
"5": "-ar",
"id4": "agent noun",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of -eer, -yer, -ary, and -ar",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier, doublet of -eer, -yer, -ary, and -ar.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "clothier, perfumier"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns denoting occupations, particularly with words from French."
],
"senseid": [
"en:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable suffixes",
"French doublets",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine suffixes",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:-er<id:noun>",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French -ier",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "",
"4": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-aire",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "-aire",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French -ier, -er, from Old French -ier, -er, from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -aire.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ière",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "-ier m (noun-forming suffix, plural -iers, feminine -ière)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "banane (“banana”) + -ier → bananier (“banana tree”)"
},
{
"text": "poire (“pear”) + -ier → poirier (“pear tree”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of trees or bushes bearing a particular type of fruit"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chalut (“trawl net”) + -ier → chalutier (“trawler”)"
},
{
"text": "pétrole (“oil”) + -ier → pétrolier (“oil tanker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of ships"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "chocolat (“chocolate”) + -ier → chocolatier (“chocolatier”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the names of jobs"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/je/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF--ier.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00--ier.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick--ier.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--ier.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--ier.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick--ier.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -ier",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ier m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-ier"
]
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms borrowed from French",
"German terms derived from French",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Kneipe + -ier → Kneipier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Pleite + -ier → Pleitier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A noun-forming suffix, used especially to render similar suffixes in borrowings from French."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i̯eː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jeː/"
},
{
"audio": "De--ier2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/De--ier2.ogg/De--ier2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/De--ier2.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "De--ier.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/De--ier.ogg/De--ier.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/De--ier.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "present passive infinitive",
"word": "-ri"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin alternative forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ri (present passive infinitive)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ri",
"-ri#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "agentive suffix",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -er (agentive suffix)"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_English:_agentive"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-iere"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -iere"
],
"links": [
[
"-iere",
"-iere#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting a verb",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb)"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession)"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#Middle_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymology texts",
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French first group verbs",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Old French verbs ending in -ier",
"Old French verbs with weak-a2 preterite",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Requests for pronunciation in Old French entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"lang": "Gallo",
"lang_code": "roa-gal",
"word": "-ieu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-iram",
"word": "-ирам"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "-ireba",
"word": "-ირება"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-irovatʹ",
"word": "-ировать"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-irati"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-ieren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-iram",
"word": "-ирам"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "-ireba",
"word": "-ირება"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-irovatʹ",
"word": "-ировать"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-irati"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"used alternatively until ca. 1900"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-iren"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ieren"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"word": "-yi"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:-āre<id:verb suffix>",
"id": "infinitive suffix",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\n▲\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nInherited from Latin -āre.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Italic *-āzi\n▲\nLatin -ereinflu.\nLatin -āre\nOld French -ier\nInherited from Latin -āre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir -ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en -ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "-ant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ié",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-astes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-ierent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "-erai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-era",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-erons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-erez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-s",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-t",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-asses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-issons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-issiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-assent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ar",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-ier"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "to forge",
"text": "forgier",
"translation": "to forge",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix used to form infinitives of first conjugation verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French suffixes",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Requests for pronunciation in Old French entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-erie"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-ier"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-eer"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-eer"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ier"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"conflated with -ere"
],
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-yr"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-iere"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-ier"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "-aire"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "-air"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-aire"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-eri"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:-ārius<id:agent noun>",
"id": "nouns",
"pos": "suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "-ārium",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius",
"4": "-ārium"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin -ārium",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ier\nInherited from Latin -ārium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ir"
},
{
"word": "-re"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "butcher",
"text": "bouchier",
"translation": "butcher",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates a profession"
],
"senseid": [
"fro:suf"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "forester",
"text": "forestier",
"translation": "forester",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates location, where one lives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ier"
]
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Slovak 1-syllable words",
"Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovak non-lemma forms",
"Slovak suffix forms",
"Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ra"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of -ra"
],
"links": [
[
"-ra",
"-ra#Slovak"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪ̯er/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɪ̯er]"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ier",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Indien + -ier → indier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Iran + -ier → iranier",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-an; making a noun, describing a person by nationality"
],
"links": [
[
"-an",
"-an"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-an"
}
],
"word": "-ier"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ier meaning in All languages combined (29.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'jo' base_tags={'singular', 'indicative', 'first-person'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'il' base_tags={'third-person', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'singular', 'second-person', 'indicative'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'nos' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'first-person', 'second-person', 'indicative', 'plural'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'vos' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'second-person', 'indicative', 'plural'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'il' base_tags={'third-person', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'second-person', 'indicative', 'plural'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'que jo' base_tags={'singular', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'subjunctive'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'qu’il' base_tags={'subjunctive', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'second-person', 'singular'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'que nos' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'singular', 'second-person', 'subjunctive', 'plural'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'que vos' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'singular', 'second-person', 'subjunctive', 'plural'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'qu’il' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'singular', 'second-person', 'subjunctive', 'plural'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'nos' base_tags={'imperative', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'dummy-ignore-skipped', 'second-person', 'plural'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: -ier/Old French 'vos' base_tags={'imperative', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'dummy-ignore-skipped', 'second-person', 'plural'}",
"path": [
"-ier"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ier",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.